Biotechnol Bioeng. 2000 Jun;68(6):602-18. Application of metabolic flux analysis for the identification of metabolic bottlenecks in the biosynthesis of penicillin-G. van Gulik WM, de Laat WT, Vinke JL, et al.
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| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | N/A | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 37.36 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | N/A | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 89.6 | R02736+R01528 |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Penicillium chrysogenum DS12975 |
| Genotype | |
| Culture medium | The composition of this medium is 8.25 g/L glucose-H2O,0.8 g/L KH2PO4, 3.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4-7H2O, 0.06 mL/L silicone antifoam agent, and 10 mL/L trace element solution. The trace element solution contained 15 g/L Na2-EDTA-2H2O, 0.5 g/LCuSO4-5H2O, 2 g/L ZnSO4-7H2O, 2 g/L MnSO4-H2O,4 g/L FeSO4-7H2O, and 0.5 g/L CaCl2-2H2O. Replacement of the nitrogen-source ammonia by nitrate, without changing the sulfate concentration, was accomplished by replacing (NH4)2SO4 with 5.4 g/L KNO3 and 4.55 g/L Na2SO4-10H2O and increasing the MgSO4-7H2O concentration to 3.5 g/L. |
| Carbon source | D-Glucose |
| Growth rate | |
| Case-specific description | Calculated fluxes through the central metabolic pathways of P.chrysogenumfrom the stoichiometric model. Fluxes were calculated for a growth rate of 0.01/h without production of penicillin at a hypothetical rate of 1 mmol/Cmol biomass per hour. |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Penicillium chrysogenum DS12975 |
| Genotype | |
| Culture medium | The composition of this medium is 8.25 g/L glucose-H2O,0.8 g/L KH2PO4, 3.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4-7H2O, 0.06 mL/L silicone antifoam agent, and 10 mL/L trace element solution. The trace element solution contained 15 g/L Na2-EDTA-2H2O, 0.5 g/LCuSO4-5H2O, 2 g/L ZnSO4-7H2O, 2 g/L MnSO4-H2O,4 g/L FeSO4-7H2O, and 0.5 g/L CaCl2-2H2O. Replacement of the nitrogen-source ammonia by nitrate, without changing the sulfate concentration, was accomplished by replacing (NH4)2SO4 with 5.4 g/L KNO3 and 4.55 g/L Na2SO4-10H2O and increasing the MgSO4-7H2O concentration to 3.5 g/L. |
| Carbon source | D-Glucose |
| Growth rate | |
| Case-specific description | Calculated fluxes through the central metabolic pathways of P.chrysogenumfrom the stoichiometric model. Fluxes were calculated for a growth rate of 0.01/h with production of penicillin at a hypothetical rate of 1 mmol/Cmol biomass per hour. |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |