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J Biosci Bioeng. 2011 Dec;112(6):595-601. Improving protein secretion of a transglutaminase-secreting Corynebacterium glutamicum recombinant strain on the basis of 13C metabolic flux analysis. Umakoshi M, Hirasawa T, Furusawa C, et al.



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ATP production rate Maximum N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
+2.5*R00214
ATP production rate Minium N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
NADPH production rate Maximum N/A R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214
NADPH production rate Minium N/A R02736+R01528
ATP production rate Maximum N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
+2.5*R00214
ATP production rate Minium N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
NADPH production rate Maximum N/A R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214
NADPH production rate Minium N/A R02736+R01528
ATP production rate Maximum N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
+2.5*R00214
ATP production rate Minium N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
NADPH production rate Maximum N/A R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214
NADPH production rate Minium N/A R02736+R01528
ATP production rate Maximum N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
+2.5*R00214
ATP production rate Minium N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
NADPH production rate Maximum N/A R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214
NADPH production rate Minium N/A R02736+R01528
ATP production rate Maximum N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
+2.5*R00214
ATP production rate Minium N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
NADPH production rate Maximum N/A R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214
NADPH production rate Minium N/A R02736+R01528
ATP production rate Maximum N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
+2.5*R00214
ATP production rate Minium N/A -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209
+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342
NADPH production rate Maximum N/A R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214
NADPH production rate Minium N/A R02736+R01528
Growth Condition
Strains Corynebacterium glutamicum YDK010/pPSPTG11
Genotype secreting TGase
Culture medium For precultivation,CM-2G medium consisting of 1% polypeptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose (pH7.2,adjusted by the addition of KOH) was used. For the main batch cultivation,modified MMTG medium consisting of 60 g/L glucose,3 g/L (NH4)2SO4,3 g/L MgSO4-7H2O,1.5 g/L KH2PO4,30 mg/L FeSO4-7H2O,30 mg/L MnSO4-5H2O,0.2 g/L CaCl2,and 0.45 mg/L biotin was used.
Carbon source Glucose
Growth rate
Case-specific description Metabolic flux distributions of the TGase-secreting strain 9h after inoculation.
Growth Condition
Strains Corynebacterium glutamicum YDK010/pPSPTG11
Genotype secreting TGase
Culture medium For precultivation,CM-2G medium consisting of 1% polypeptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose (pH7.2,adjusted by the addition of KOH) was used. For the main batch cultivation,modified MMTG medium consisting of 60 g/L glucose,3 g/L (NH4)2SO4,3 g/L MgSO4-7H2O,1.5 g/L KH2PO4,30 mg/L FeSO4-7H2O,30 mg/L MnSO4-5H2O,0.2 g/L CaCl2,and 0.45 mg/L biotin was used.
Carbon source Glucose
Growth rate
Case-specific description Metabolic flux distributions of the TGase-secreting strain 12h after inoculation.
Growth Condition
Strains Corynebacterium glutamicum YDK010/pPSPTG11
Genotype secreting TGase
Culture medium For precultivation,CM-2G medium consisting of 1% polypeptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose (pH7.2,adjusted by the addition of KOH) was used. For the main batch cultivation,modified MMTG medium consisting of 60 g/L glucose,3 g/L (NH4)2SO4,3 g/L MgSO4-7H2O,1.5 g/L KH2PO4,30 mg/L FeSO4-7H2O,30 mg/L MnSO4-5H2O,0.2 g/L CaCl2,and 0.45 mg/L biotin was used.
Carbon source Glucose
Growth rate
Case-specific description Metabolic flux distributions of the TGase-secreting strain 15h after inoculation.
Growth Condition
Strains Corynebacterium glutamicum YDK010/pPK4
Genotype carrying empty vector
Culture medium For precultivation,CM-2G medium consisting of 1% polypeptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose (pH7.2,adjusted by the addition of KOH) was used. For the main batch cultivation,modified MMTG medium consisting of 60 g/L glucose,3 g/L (NH4)2SO4,3 g/L MgSO4-7H2O,1.5 g/L KH2PO4,30 mg/L FeSO4-7H2O,30 mg/L MnSO4-5H2O,0.2 g/L CaCl2,and 0.45 mg/L biotin was used.
Carbon source Glucose
Growth rate
Case-specific description Metabolic flux distributions of empty vector-carrying strain 9h after inoculation.
Growth Condition
Strains Corynebacterium glutamicum YDK010/pPK4
Genotype carrying empty vector
Culture medium For precultivation,CM-2G medium consisting of 1% polypeptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose (pH7.2,adjusted by the addition of KOH) was used. For the main batch cultivation,modified MMTG medium consisting of 60 g/L glucose,3 g/L (NH4)2SO4,3 g/L MgSO4-7H2O,1.5 g/L KH2PO4,30 mg/L FeSO4-7H2O,30 mg/L MnSO4-5H2O,0.2 g/L CaCl2,and 0.45 mg/L biotin was used.
Carbon source Glucose
Growth rate
Case-specific description Metabolic flux distributions of empty vector-carrying strain 12h after inoculation.
Growth Condition
Strains Corynebacterium glutamicum YDK010/pPK4
Genotype carrying empty vector
Culture medium For precultivation,CM-2G medium consisting of 1% polypeptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose (pH7.2,adjusted by the addition of KOH) was used. For the main batch cultivation,modified MMTG medium consisting of 60 g/L glucose,3 g/L (NH4)2SO4,3 g/L MgSO4-7H2O,1.5 g/L KH2PO4,30 mg/L FeSO4-7H2O,30 mg/L MnSO4-5H2O,0.2 g/L CaCl2,and 0.45 mg/L biotin was used.
Carbon source Glucose
Growth rate
Case-specific description Metabolic flux distributions of empty vector-carrying strain 15h after inoculation.
Specific Rate (mmol g-1 h-1)
glucose 2.4
Specific Rate (mmol g-1 h-1)
glucose 2.1
Specific Rate (mmol g-1 h-1)
glucose 1.7
Specific Rate (mmol g-1 h-1)
glucose 2.9
Specific Rate (mmol g-1 h-1)
glucose 1.3
Specific Rate (mmol g-1 h-1)
glucose 1.7
Source