J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar;281(12):8024-33. Latent pathway activation and increased pathway capacity enable Escherichia coli adaptation to loss of key metabolic enzymes. Fong SS, Nanchen A, Palsson BO, et al.
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| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 219 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 183 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 246 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 196 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 208 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 192 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 97 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 58 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | N/A | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 68 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | N/A | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 70 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | N/A | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 67 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 104 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 63 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 90 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 68 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 96 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 61 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 130 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 49 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 118 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 53 | R02736+R01528 |
| ATP production rate Maximum | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R00267+2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 +2.5*R00214 |
| ATP production rate Minium | N/A | -R01786-R04779+2.5*R01061+R01512+R00200+2.5*R00209 +2.5*R08549-R00405+1.5*R00402+2.5*R00342 |
| NADPH production rate Maximum | 121 | R02736+R01528+R00267+R00214 |
| NADPH production rate Minium | 53 | R02736+R01528 |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli MG1655 |
| Genotype | Wild type |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.63/h |
| Case-specific description | Wild type |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli pgi mutant |
| Genotype | pgi gene knock-out |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.17/h |
| Case-specific description | parent mutant |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli pgiE1 mutant |
| Genotype | pgi gene knock-out with endpoints designated E1 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.34/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(50 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli pgiE2 mutant |
| Genotype | pgi gene knock-out with endpoints designated E2 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.53/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(50 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli ppc mutant |
| Genotype | ppc gene knock-out |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.22/h |
| Case-specific description | parent mutant |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli ppcE1 mutant |
| Genotype | ppc gene knock-out with endpoints designated E1 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.55/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(45 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli ppcE2 mutant |
| Genotype | ppc gene knock-out with endpoints designated E2 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.56/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(45 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli pta mutant |
| Genotype | pta gene knock-out |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.58/h |
| Case-specific description | parent mutant |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli ptaE1 mutant |
| Genotype | pta gene knock-out with endpoints designated E1 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.64/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(30 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli ptaE2 mutant |
| Genotype | pta gene knock-out with endpoints designated E2 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.66/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(30 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli tpi mutant |
| Genotype | tpi gene knock-out |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.18/h |
| Case-specific description | parent mutant |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli tpiE1 mutant |
| Genotype | tpi gene knock-out with endpoints designated E1 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.51/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(50 days of evolution) |
| Growth Condition | |
| Strains | Escherichia coli tpi mutant |
| Genotype | tpi gene knock-out with endpoints designated E2 |
| Culture medium | M9 minimal medium supplemented with 2g/L of glucose in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using magnetic stir bars for aeration at 37 Celsius. M9 medium contained (per liter of deionized water)0.8 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g NaCl, 7.5 g Na2HPO4-2H2O,and 3.0 g KH2PO4. The following components were sterilized separately and then added (per liter final volume of medium): 2 ml of 1 M MgSO4, 1ml of 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.3 ml of 1 mM filter sterilized thiamine HCl, and 10 ml of a trace element solution containing (per liter) 1 g of FeCl3-6H2O,0.18 g ZnSO4-7H2O, 0.12 g CuCl2-2H2O, 0.12 g MnSO4-H2O and 0.18 g CoCl2-6H2O. At the startof evolution, initial pre-cultures of each mutant were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium before being transferred to minimal medium for adaptive evolution. |
| Carbon source | Glucose |
| Growth rate | 0.49/h |
| Case-specific description | evolved mutant(50 days of evolution) |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 8.8 |
| acetate | 4.5 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 2.3 |
| acetate | 0.1 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 5.8 |
| acetate | 2.6 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 5.6 |
| acetate | 0 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 3 |
| acetate | 1.1 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 8.1 |
| acetate | 2.2 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 7.8 |
| acetate | 2.2 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 9.1 |
| acetate | 0.6 |
| Pyruvate | 4.3 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 10.3 |
| acetate | 0.7 |
| Pyruvate | 4.6 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 8.6 |
| acetate | 0.7 |
| Pyruvate | 2.8 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 2.7 |
| acetate | 0.2 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 7.8 |
| acetate | 1 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |
| Specific Rate | (mmol g-1 h-1) |
| glucose | 7.3 |
| acetate | 0.9 |
| Pyruvate | 0 |